The first three cases of HIV/AIDS in Zanzibar were diagnosed in 1986. Currently, the epidemic remains below 1% in the whole population. HIV concentrates more on the female sex workers (FSW), people who inject drugs (PWID) and men who have sex with men (MSM). According to the Integrated Bio-Behavioural Surveillance Survey (IBBSS) of 2022/23, HIV prevalence counts 21.1% among FSW, 11.3% MSM, and 9.4% PWID.

With regards to TB transmission, it was noted that in 2020, the number of cases due to tuberculosis was 1,074, which increased to 1,279 in 2024. Some of the reasons include improved case tracing and investigations at the community level (Annual Report ZIHHTLP, 2024).

The ZIHHTLP continues receiving Global Fund support to accelerate HIV/TB interventions to reduce and ultimately stop disease transmission. The main goal of HIV and TB as public health threats is to reduce illness and death by providing quality care, treatment, and support to people living with HIV, with a vision to end the epidemic by 2030.

For ZIHHTLP to achieve its goal by 2028, various strategic objectives were developed, including treatment success for drug-sensitive TB, Tuberculosis preventive therapy, a scope of 80% for prevention services for PrEP and individuals who are living with HIV are on antiretroviral therapy diagnosed for 95%, to name a few.